The purpose of this document is to identify and discuss hydrotechnical hazards and the threats they pose to an exposed pipeline in a watercourse. The discussion herein is intended to assist operators in identifying and assessing the hazards to facilitate safe operation of the pipeline. Although some topics in this report such as wave-action erosion are also applicable to sub-sea pipelines, they are meant to be applied in context to inland watercourses. The scope of this document is limited to the discussion of threats that could potentially affect the integrity of onshore pipelines at water crossings.